Puppy’s Nutrition Supplying

1、幼犬的消化特点 Puppy Digestion Characteristics

消化是将糖分解成较小的分子以便被吸收，在化学反应中许多酶参与，这些酶称之为淀粉酶，由唾液腺和胰腺产生。大多数被分解的糖在小肠中出现。幼犬时期消化器官不发达，小犬的消化道仅占体重的7%，而大犬占3%。幼犬消化机能不健全，胃容积小，胃酸、消化酶分泌量少且活性差，随日龄的增长而增强。幼犬成长过程中许多东西逐渐改变而且其消化能力也逐渐改变。
Digestion is the decomposition of sugar into smaller molecules for absorption. In the chemical reaction, many enzymes called amylase which are produced by the salivary glands and pancreas involved. Most of the decomposed sugars appear in the small intestine. Puppy digestive organs is underdeveloped, as digestive tract accounts for only 7% of body weight, while the dog’s accounts for 3%. Puppy digestive function is not perfect, like small volume, gastric acid, small digestive enzyme secretion and poor activity. In puppy’s growth process many things gradually change and the digestive capacity is gradually improving.

脂类的消化，脂类通过胰脂酶的作用分解成甘油三酸脂及肝中的胆盐，胆盐在甘油三酸脂的情况下形成乳状液，从而增加与脂酶的接触。甘油三酸脂附在蛋白质及其它分子上，被小肠淋巴管吸收。
Lipid digestion. Lipids through the role of pancreatic lipase decompose into triglycerides and liver bile salts. Bile salts in the case of triglycerides form an emulsion, thereby increasing the contact with the lipase. Triglycerides attached to the protein and other molecules are absorbed by the small intestine lymphatic.

蛋白质的消化，蛋白质是由大串或小串氨基酸组成，仅氨基酸能被吸收，所以蛋白质是特殊条件下通过酶分解的，形成通过血流的氨基酸。在胃液中只要有酸的蛋白酶就能开始消化，然后通过小肠中的胰腺蛋白酶继续消化。
Protein digestion. Protein is composed of large or small strings of amino acids. As only amino acids can be absorbed, the protein under special conditions decomposes through the enzyme and form the amino acids through the blood flow. In the gastric juice as long as the acid protease it can begin to digest, and then through the pancreatic protease in the small intestine to continue to digest.

2、幼犬的营养供给特点 Puppy ‘s Nutritional Supply

幼犬这一时期要确保许多重要的不断改变的要求，幼犬的营养不平衡或某些营养元素的缺失，可能引起食物中毒或营养性疾病，影响幼犬的生长发育。
In the puppy period, many important changes in the requirements of puppies should be concerned. Nutritional imbalance or the lack of certain nutrients may cause food poisoning or nutritional diseases, affecting the growth and development of puppies.

主要影响有成长本身（体重增长）和成长速率（每个单位时间所增加的重量）。判断一头幼犬是否正常发育可以借助有用的工具：成长曲线，包括体重曲线和高度曲线。将幼犬与成长曲线相比，就能判断是否达到该品种的其他幼犬的速度。
Weight growth and growth rate. To determine whether a puppy is properly developing,you can use these tools: growth curve, including weight curve and height curve. Compared with the growth curve, you can tell whether it is reaching the speed of the other puppies of the breed.

必须给幼犬充分的蛋白质，脂肪是热量的重要来源，糖类食品占食物量的三分之一，钙是食品中不可缺少的成分，铁会让犬更强壮；维生素不足会引起发育不良；水分对营养的吸收有很大的促进作用。因此,在幼犬生长发育阶段，须有足够和平衡的营养才能满足其骨骼、血液、被毛以及其他器官的生长和发育。
Provide puppies with enough proteins. Fat is an important source of calories. Carbohydrate food accounts for one third of the amount of all the food. Calcium is an indispensable component of food. Iron makes dog stronger. Vitamin deficiency can cause dysplasia. Moisture has a great role in promoting the absorption of nutrients. Therefore, in the puppy’s stage, there must be enough and balanced nutrition to meet the growth and development of their bones, blood, hair and other organs.

（一）营养平衡 Nutritional Balance

对所有犬种的幼犬来说，它们的热量需求比成年犬需要大得多，幼犬不仅需要正常维持热量，而且它们需要热量来供其新组织成长所需。其蛋白质、矿物质和维他命需求也比成年犬要高得多。各品种幼犬的食物配方有许多共同的地方，比如高热量、基本营养素和淀粉数量等特点。
For all breed puppies, their calorie requirements are much greater than those of adult dogs, and puppies need not only to maintain heat, but they need heat for the growth of their new tissue. Their proteins, minerals and vitamins demand is much higher than adult dogs, too. The variety of puppies food recipes have many commons, such as high calorie, basic nutrients and amount of starch and other characteristics.

（二）营养集中 Nutrition Concentration

幼犬在不同生长阶段的营养供应要相对集中。2月龄幼犬营养构成为高蛋白、高脂肪、低乳糖和低纤维素。3月龄时，犬的骨骼发育逐步变快，故此时还应逐步增加骨粉及维生素A、维生素D含量。6～7月龄幼犬过肥，应减少碳水化合物和脂肪类食物而相应增加蛋白质和蔬菜含量，并增加其运动量；如果犬过瘦，则增加碳水化合物、脂肪类及蛋白质类食物。
The nutritional supply for puppies in different growth stages should be relatively concentrated. For 2-month puppies, the nutrition requirements are composed of high protein, high fat, low lactose and low cellulite. For 3-month puppies, gradually increase the bone meal and vitamin A, vitamin D content. For 6 to 7 months old puppies, we should reduce carbohydrates and fatty foods and increase the protein and vegetable contents, and increase its exercise; if the dog is too thin, then increase the carbohydrate, fat and protein foods.

（三）适当供给 Appropriate Supplying

幼龄犬的生长发育快，体形增长迅速，主要是骨骼的生长。因此，幼犬的营养需要适当供给，合理搭配营养物质，要求狗粮中除有丰富的蛋白质等营养外，还要注意钙和磷等骨骼生长的必须营养的补充。在幼犬生长过程中，钙是一直需要添加的矿物元素，因为钙为骨骼生长所必需，同时还参与神经传导、肌肉收缩、血液凝固等生理过程。钙不足和过量给处于生长期犬带来的危害是严重的。
The rapid growth and development of young dogs,especially weight increase and bone growth, requires that the puppy’s nutrition needs should be supplied appropriately with a reasonable diet. A wealth of proteins and other nutrients and supplements of calcium and phosphorus which are good to the bone growth are necessary. In the process of puppy growth, calcium is always required as added mineral element, because calcium is necessary for bone growth, but also involved in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, blood coagulation and other physiological processes. Calcium deficiency and excessive cause serious damage to the dog in the growing period.